This book assists scientists, toxicologists, clinicians, and public health regulators to understand the complex issues that determine the impact of air pollution on the cardiovascular system. It covers a range of relevant topics including particulate matter (PM) sources and characterization, methods of exposure, impact of PM on cells and systems, role of particles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, risk assessment, and potential environmental and therapeutic interventions.

InhaltsangabeFOREWORD. PREFACE. THE EDITORS. CONTRIBUTORS. PART I. ISSUE FRAMING. CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW (Flemming R. Cassee and Morton Lippmann). CHAPTER 2 ACUTE EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE MATTER ON THE RISK OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (Krishnan Bhaskaran, Shakoor Hajat, and Liam Smeeth). CHAPTER 3 CHRONIC EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH (Ranjini M. Krishnan, Joel Kaufman, and Gerard Hoek). PART II. EXPOSURE. CHAPTER 4 PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION (Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch and Christof Asbach). CHAPTER 5 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR AMBIENT ULTRAFINE PARTICLES (Timo Lanki, Josef Cyrys, H.-Erich Wichmann, and Jeroen de Hartog). CHAPTER 6 FROM EXPOSURE TO DOSE (Werner Hofmann and Bahman Asgharian). CHAPTER 7 TRANSLOCATION OF INHALED NANOPARTICLES (Wolfgang G. Kreyling, Winfried Möller, Otmar Schmid, Manuela Semmler-Behnke, and Günter Oberdörster). CHAPTER 8 ROLE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN DETERMINING THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF PARTICLES (Andrew J. Ghio and Yuh-Chin T. Huang). PART III. METHODOLOGY. CHAPTER 9 IN VITRO STUDIES (Per E. Schwarze and Gerrit M. Alink). CHAPTER 10 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN ANIMALS (Urmila P. Kodavanti, Lung-Chi Chen, and Daniel L. Costa). CHAPTER 11 HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES (Jeremy P. Langrish, Mark W. Frampton, and Anders Blomberg). CHAPTER 12 PANEL STUDIES (Joel Schwartz). PART IV. PARTICLES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: MECHANISMS. A. ATHEROGENESIS. CHAPTER 13 PARTICULATES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS (Steffen Loft, Roel P.F. Schins, and Peter Møller). CHAPTER 14 ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN THE ATHEROGENIC EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE MATTER (Thomas Sandström and David Newby). CHAPTER 15 INHALED PARTICLES, POSTPRANDIAL LIPIDS, AND THEIR POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO ATHEROGENESIS: THE TROJAN HORSE HYPOTHESIS (Carlijne Hassing, Maarten J.M. Cramer, and Marcel Th.B. Twickler). CHAPTER 16 INHALED PARTICULATE MATTER AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HUMANS (Barbara Hoffmann and Nino Künzli). CHAPTER 17 EFFECTS OF NANOPARTICLES ON THE PULMONARY VASCULATURE (Laurel E. Plummer, Kent E. Pinkerton, Amy K. Madl, and Dennis W. Wilson). CHAPTER 18 PARTICULATE MATTER, HYPERTENSION, AND THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (Robert D. Brook and Sanjay Rajagopalan). CHAPTER 19 PARTICLES AND THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM (Nicholas L. Mills and Mark R. Miller). PART IV. PARTICLES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: MECHANISMS. B. VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION. PART IV. PARTICLES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: MECHANISMS. C. THROMBOSIS. CHAPTER 20 PARTICLES, COAGULATION, AND THROMBOSIS (Evren Kilinç, Goran Rude~, Henri M.H. Spronk, Abderrahim Nemmar, Moniek P.M. de Maat, Hugo ten Cate and Marc F. Hoylaerts). CHAPTER 21 PARTICLES AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF ATHEROTHROMBOSIS (Qinghua Sun and Xiaohua Xu). PART IV. PARTICLES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: MECHANISMS. D. ARRHYTHMIA. CHAPTER 22 PARTICLES AND THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (Swapna Upadhyay, Alison Elder, Wayne E. Cascio, and Holger Schulz). CHAPTER 23 AIR POLLUTION AND ARRHYTHMIA (Helen C. Routledge and Jonathan N. Townend). PART V. ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY. CHAPTER 24 RISK ASSESSMENT (Robert L. Maynard and Jon G. Ayres). CHAPTER 25 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER (Richard Damberg, Klaas Krijgsheld, May Ajero, and Sophie Punte). CHAPTER 26 FROM AMBIENT ULTRAFINE PARTICLES TO NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOTOXICOLOGY (Ken Donaldson and David B. Warheit). INDEX.

Leseprobe

About the editors. Preface. Forword (Paul Borm). List of authors. Section I. Issue framing. 1. Overview. 2. Acute effects of particulate matter on cardiovascular events. 3. Chronic effects of particulate matter on cardiovascular disease. Section II. Exposure. 4. Particle characterization. 5. Exposure assessment ambient ultrafine particles. 6. From exposure to dose. 7. Translocation of Inhaled Nanoparticles. 8. Role of chemical composition in determining the cardiovascular effects of particles. Section III. Methodology. 9. In vitro studies. 10. Experimental studies in animals. 11. Human exposure studies. 12. Panel studies. Section IV. Particles and cardiovascular disease -mechanisms. A. ATHEROGENESIS. 13. Particulates and oxidative stress. 14. Role of inflammation in the atherogenic effects of particulate matter. 15. Inhaled particles, postprandial lipids and their possible contribution to atherogenesis. 16. Inhaled particulate matter and atherosclerosis in humans. B. VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION . 17. Effects of particulates on the pulmonary vasculature. 18. Particulate Matter, Hypertension, and the Metabolic Syndrome. 19. Particles and the vascular endothelium. C. THROMBOSIS. 20. Particles, coagulation and thrombosis. 21. Particles and the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. D. ARRHYTHMIA (NLM to edit). 22. Particles and the autonomic nervous system. 23. Air pollution and cardiac arrhythmia. Section V. Environmental and public health policy. 24. Risk assessment. 25. Environmental regulation of particulate matter. 26. From ambient ultrafine particles to nanotechnology and nanotoxicology.