Who makes the news in a digital age? Participatory Journalism offers fascinating insights into how journalists in Western democracies are thinking about, and dealing with, the inclusion of content produced and published by the public.A timely look at digital news, the changes it is bringing for journalists and an industry in crisisOriginal data throughout, in the form of in-depth interviews with dozens of journalists at leading news organizations in ten Western democraciesProvides a unique model of the news-making process and its openness to user participation in five stagesGives a first-hand look at the workings and challenges of online journalism on a global scale, through data that has been seamlessly combined so that each chapter presents the views of journalists in many nations, highlighting both similarities and differences, both national and individual

David Domingo is a senior lecturer in online journalism at the Department of Communication Studies of Universitat Rovira i Virgili in Tarragona, Spain. Domingo, who has a Ph.D. in Journalism from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, was a doctoral fellow at the University of Tampere (2004) and visiting assistant professor at the University of Iowa (2007-2008). His research interests include online journalists' professional ideology and work routines, as well as the dynamics of innovations such as participatory journalism and convergence. He is co-editor, with Chris Paterson, ofMaking Online News: The Ethnography of New Media Production (Peter Lang, 2008).

Ari Heinonen, Ph.D., is journalism teacher and researcher in the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Tampere, Finland. A former newspaper journalist, he has focused his academic research on explorations of the changing nature of professionalism in journalism, concepts of journalism in the new media era and journalistic ethics. He has directed and participated in a number of national and international research and development projects in these areas.

Alfred Hermida is a digital media scholar, journalism educator and online news pioneer. Since 2006, he has been an assistant professor at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Hermida was a Knight-Wallace Fellow at the University of Michigan in 2005 and an IBM CAS Canada Research Faculty Fellow in 2010. An award-winning journalist who served for four years as a Middle East correspondent, Hermida is a 16-year veteran of the BBC and was a founding news editor of the BBC News website in 1997. He has also written forThe Wall Street Journal,The Times of London,The Guardian and NPR.

Steve Paulussen, Ph.D., is a part-time lecturer in journalism studies at both the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and the University of Antwerp, as well as a senior researcher at the IBBT research group for Media& ICT (MICT) at Ghent University, Belgium. In recent years, he has participated in a number of projects on different aspects of todays digital media culture. His main research interests lie in the field of journalism studies, where he has published on developments in online journalism, newsroom convergence and the sociological profile of professional journalists. Between 2006 and 2010, he also was involved in a multi-disciplinary strategic research project on digital news trends in Flanders, Belgium (FLEET).

Thorsten Quandt, Dr. phil. habil, is a professor in Communication Studies / Interactive Media and Online Communication at the University of Hohenheim, Germany. He has served as chair of the Journalism Studies Division in the German Communication Association (DGPuK) and as an officer in the Journalism Studies Division in the International Communication Association (ICA). His widely published research includes studies on online journalism, media evolution, network communication and computer games.

Jane B. Singer is an associate professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Iowa, USA, and a visiting professor in the School of Journalism, Media and Communication at the University of Central Lancashire, UK. From 2007 to 2010, she was the Johnston Press Chair in Digital Journalism at Central Lancashire. Her research explores digital journalism, including changing roles, perceptions, norms and practices. Before earning a Ph.D. in journalism from the University of Missouri, Singer was the first news manager of Prodigy Interactive Services. She also has worked as a newspaper reporter and editor.

Zvi Reich, Ph.D., is a former journalist and a researcher in journalism studies at the Department of Communication, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. His book,Sourcing the News, was published by Hampton Press in 2009. Reich's research interests focus on online news, sociology of news, the relations between reporters and sources, authorship in journalism and the use of communication technologies in journalism. Two of his papers have won the top three papers prize of the Journalism Studies Division at ICA. Other research has appeared inJournalism Studies,Journalism& Mass Communication Quarterly andJournalism. He is a member of the editorial board ofJournalism Practice.

Marina Vujnovic, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at Monmouth University, USA. Her primary fields of research are participatory journalism and new media studies, media history and gender, critical political economy, and cultural studies. Additional research interests include international communication and the global flow of information, as well as ethnicity and the media. She is the author ofForging the Bubikopf Nation: Journalism, Gender and Modernity in Interwar Yugoslavia (Peter Lang, 2009).

Notes on Authors vii

Acknowledgements x

Authors Note xii

Chapter 1: Introduction: Sharing the Road 1

Part I: The Impact of Participatory Journalism11

Chapter 2: Mechanisms of Participation: How audience options shape the conversation 13
Alfred Hermida

Chapter 3: The Journalists Relationship with Users: New dimensions to conventional roles 34
Ari Heinonen

Part II: Managing Change57

Chapter 4: Inside the Newsroom: Journalists motivations and organizational structures 59
Steve Paulussen

Chapter 5: Managing Audience Participation: Practices, workfl ows and strategies 76
David Domingo

Chapter 6: User Comments: The transformation of participatory space 96
Zvi Reich

Part III: Issues and Implications119

Chapter 7: Taking Responsibility: Legal and ethical issues in participatory journalism 121
Jane B. Singer

Chapter 8: Participatory Journalism in the Marketplace: Economic motivations behind the practices 139
Marina Vujnovic

Chapter 9: Understanding a New Phenomenon: The signifi cance of participatory journalism 155
Thorsten Quandt

Chapter 10: Fluid Spaces, Fluid Journalism: The role of the active recipient in participatory journalism 177
Alfred Hermida

Appendix: About Our Study 192

Glossary 203

References 209

Index 220