Pre- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) prophylactic antibiotics have an important role in reducing post-ESWL infections, however, previous studies reported conflicting results. The issue of administering prophylactic antibiotics remains controversial in patients with sterile urine undergoing ESWL. The purpose of publishing this book is to evaluate possible risk factors for post Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) bacteriuria and consequently to identify patients with higher danger for Urinary tract infection (UTI) or sepsis so Antibiotic prophylaxis is not justified without defined risk factors such as positive urine culture before ESWL, an external bladder catheter or nephrostomy tube and a history of infectious stones or recurrent urinary tract infection.

Ahmed Abdullah Khaleel, Urological Doctor, graduated from Al-Nahrain University/Collage of Medicine, Baghdad-Iraq.