Geologically, the area comprises of two major litho-units namely, the Vindhyan Supergroup represented by Upper Vindhyans which include Kaimur, Rewa and Bhander group of rocks of Proterozoic age. Two basaltic lava flows of Upper Creataceous age. The lower one is compound to simple Aa type basaltic lava flow which consists of dark grey fine grained non-porphyritic to porphyritic mega-crysts of feldspar. The upper one is also compound to simple Aa type basaltic flow. Vindhyan uplands and Deccan Traps are often capped by lateritic soil and alluvium of (Middle Pleistocene). The Betwa is the third largest river in the Vindhyan plateau. The drainage pattern of Betwa River is dendritic to sub-dendritic type and controlled chiefly by joints. Geomorphological investigations have revealed the presence of various landforms. They are formed predominantly due to depositional and denudational processes. Hydrogeomorphological study of the area proves that occurrence of groundwater is governed mainly by the presence of fractures, joints, contact zones and also along the valley fills. An attempt has been made for the assessment, management and evolution of water resources.

Dr. Shubha Bhargava Associate Professor in Department of Civil  Engineering in Sagar Institute of Research and Technology Bhopal. She has over seventeen years of teaching experience. She has published 8 research papers in national and international journals and conferences in the area of Hydrogeology.